Singeing machine



April 14, 1931. T. F. HussA SINGEING MACHINE Filed lay 21, 1926 1N ENfoR rORNEY.

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Patented Apr. 14, 1931 AuNrrlsD STATESPATENT oFFlcE THEODORE F. RUSSA, F MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY SIN GEIN G MACHINE VApplication filed May 21, 1926. Serial No. 110,595.

` My invention relates to singeing machines, and more particularly to singeing units for use upon machines fo'rsingeing threads and yarns of various materials.

Heretofore in the singeing of threads or yarn'of cotton, wool or other materials, it has been the practice to pass them at high speed closely adjacent a gas flame heated unit or a troughedg-electrical resistance device, said electrical resistance device having superseded in large measure the use of the gas flame heatedunit for singeing purposes. With troughed singeing units of the character above'referred to, with practically all gradesr of yarn, it has been found necessary to run the yarn through the singeing machine two or more times in order to thorough- 1y remove the surface iiuif therefrom. This is true particularly as to 'the coarser grades of 2o.

yarn. This condition arises from the fact thatk with ari-open troughed unit, different portions' of the surface of the yarn are-differently spaced with relation to the incandescent element, and portionsy thereofare F protected from the action of the radiant energy by the body of the yarn itself. To overcome this diiiculty as much as possible, it has been thiI practice to cut down the speed of the yarn to that which will give the best results, and to .increase the electro-motive force.

The slow speeds and the subjecting of itmore than once t0 the action of the singeing elementhave the effect of darkeningthe yarn somewhat, and

also of an additionalcost in the singeing operation, arising from either a low output of the machine or a re-handling of theV yarns.

The electrical resistance singeing units also require in a machine, a bus bar construction which is expensive to install, and complicates thedesign of the machine.

With the above conditions in mind, I have provided ya singeing machine embodying therein singeing units of a construction which will admit of the economical development and maintenance of the high temperatures necessary to effect the rapid singeing of threads or yarns with a single run of the same at much higher speeds than is posof the yarn singeing,

sible with the older types of singeing units.

The construction of this unit is such as to not only'permit of a very much increased output, but to act with substantial uniformity about all portions of the surface of the thread or yarn without any substantial variation in temperature conditions. The element may be operated at lower wattage than the ordinary electrical resistance units, the heat being so distributed, and the unit so insulated against heat radiation, as to ensure a continuous, substantially uniform incandescence throughout the operative surface of the element, thus securing a more effective singeing action.

Furthermore, with a lower wattage, the length of the singeing unit may be materially increased, thus not only securing the advantage of a longer run of the yarn while subjected to the singeing element, but a more effective application of radiant energy to the yarn, both of which factors permit of an increased speed in the travel of the yarn.

In a singeing machine embodying units of my invention, the range as to the counts of yarns which may be singed therein, is very much increased.

The unit is so formed as to permit the convenient and rapid insertion of the yarn without likelihood of separating the same by burning.

A unit embodying my invention may be assembled inthe machine, and the electrical connections made Without the use of bus bars of any kind, the use of insulated Wires in making the connections, and of a heat in sulating jacket, introducing safety factors in they machine.

The singeing element itself mav be quickly removed from a unit, and a replacement element substituted therefor without removing the unit from the machine, or disturbing the heat insulating jacket. l

The invention consists primarily in a singeing machine having a singeing unit embodying therein a block of material having high electrical resistance and low heat conductivity, said block having a. small substantially circular opening extending longitudinally therethrough and a slot communicating with said opening throughout the entire length thereof, and an electrical resistance element imbedded in the material of said block about and closely adjacent the wall of said longi- Y 5 tudiiially extending opening, whereby the material of said block Vmay be brought to,

and maintained in, an incandescent state;l

.Like 'letters vrefer .to vlike parts 4throughout the several views.

i In VYthe embodiment of the i invention sho wn in the/drawings, a indicatesa .block ofjmaterial having high electrical resistancev and low heat conductivity, :such as Valuminum Y of example, may be readily brought ,toan incandescentstate. andmaintaineddii .this .state Extending. longitudinally .through-thisblocl;

is armere or lesscircular Vopening Inviintllead- 30. ing from this opening through the entire,

length Vofthebloclniisa slotic through which the thread or yarn Lmay 1beinsertednto Within the .opening b. V

tIn the accompanyingdrawings, vthe block wisshown asy being rectai-igular in'horizontal crosssection, butthis vis immaterial lto .the invention, it being merelyra'inatterofyinanit facturingconvenience. v 1

yimbedded in'the material orf-fthe block agis 10. an :electrical resistanceelement-v d, ypreferably consisting of a-aniclel chromium 'alloy wire, looped through Vthe material of :the Ablock ga, portions' offeach loop.extend ing substantially parallel with, =a'nd the "various -loops being grouped about 'thellongitudnal op`eiiing therethrough, and in fairly close proximity thereto. Gneend ofthe wire-(Lis Vsecuredfto a binding fpost e, and ther-otherV end thereof to a binding post if, which -bindingposts re-V :spectively tare adapted Ato. be connectechby means ofordinaryiinsulated wires, with any desired electrical source. Y

The block a is surrounded by a nia-ssI g of ordinary heat insulating'fmaterials, fsueli as Zireclay, said blockha'ving fa free slidingilit in anopening in this clay in order topermit the removal and replacement of the -eleiiient in the unit. Y 'Y The jheat insulation g with the i contained C@ i'bloclrmvis mounted ywithin ame alliccasing` Y L, provided with.inturnedbottoni Lfirm-ges Zi and outturned topifla-nges LQftlieffo-rmer ef Vwhich :servefvas a support `for aninsulating Y slab 7l upon whichjtlie'bloel:l arandtlieibody irof heat insulationcg, rest'. :This insulating oiiide, which material, `given merely by way `sheet is reinforcedby a metallic bottom plate y', secured thereto by means of screws as shown. Said Vbottoni plate has therein a substantially circular opening j in alinement with the longitudinally extending opening b in the block a, Vand a slot y2 registering with the slot c in said block. The insulating strip z' alsohas a substantially circular :opening z" therein vleading from which lis a slot `z'.2, the openings z" and slot 2 registering with the openings fb and fj land-*the slots c and j VThe slabs-jc are preferably made of asbestos.

rllhe metallic cas-ing 'h is-provided with inturned 'and offset edges,`as indicated at nf-Jri, adjacent the `slots c, z', j, andkfor supporting the body of heat insulation adjacent .these slots, 'and facilitating. the insertion of Aa thread or yarn Athrough said'slots to within 3f-5, theopenings l). Thelvarioiis slots', atl-the'b-entl` ofthe inturned edges l@ Jr/,have rounded entrances asshown, to -facilitate the insertion of the thread or yarn. 1 Y VAt oflihaveindic-ated blocks secured'to the casinglrt-bymeans of whichit may beinount-Y eid -with relation to `ithe mechanism n for feeding'threadioriyarntherethrough.

Thebindingposts e and 'flare carried by f the slieet'c of insulating material. l

f'llliednturnedportions a of the casing 7i, are kspaced away from each-other distancel considerably jgreater than the width of .the slotsfj2,f2,72 and/171,2, and the onset edgesw/L are used for :anchoring thejcasing Vitothe heat: insulating body g, a considerable mass of said insulating materialibeing.positionedbetweenjltliese edges'n .and the blecka. Y ".The

. portion of .the heatY insulating body g'interniediatethe.inturned edges Irtand the block a `ii is provided with a slot g registering with the slot c and theslotsfz'2, j2,vk2 andrwQ.

The operation.ofthefherein described de-k vice is .substantially as .follow/.s-V

A plurality ofssingein'g vunitsare mounted .isc intermediate Vthe ysupply andY rewind. mechanisins of a singeing machine, andthe-binding posts e Vand 'f of di'erent'iunits .connected,by means ofT ordinaryinsulated conductor wires,

' with a sourceof electricity,- the .electi'ica-licon- @1725- ditions being suchthat ea ch uni-twill' have' impressed -thereon .a current? of from 15 lto :175 volts, the capacity 'of 1 the resistance element Y Y d being such asY to utilize `.with this volt-age a current density of from 13 to :15 ramperes. 130

y diiiculty,

With this E. M. F., an increased eiiiciency of approximately twenty-five percent may be secured as compared with an ordinary troughed metallic electro resistance element, notwithstanding that the block a will be twenty percent longer than such a troughed element.

As the resistance element d becomes incandescent, it slowly transmits heat to the. material of the block a, and this block, part1cular- 1y closely. adjacent the vertically extendlng opening b, will soon reach a high. degree of radiance, and will retain this heat 1n part because of the low heat conductivity of the material of the block and in part because of the heavy envelope of fire-clay or other heat insulating material. Y

When the element ais properly heated, and the singeing machine is in operatlon, an operator merely snaps the .thread or yarn through the slots a', 2, .72, k2 and m2, the pull upon the thread or yarn from the rewind mechanism bringing this thread in substantially axial alinement With the circular openings b, i', j', lc and m', the speed of the thread avoiding the presence of any such slack as will cause it to contact with the walls of the opening b in a manner which will cause its breakage through charring thereof.

When the thread or yarn is thus properly positioned in each singeing unit, the operation of the machine may be continued withoutlikelihood of the thread or yarn contacting' with the incandescent walls about the opening b.

Since the opening b is substantlally circular, with the exception of the small portion thereof where theslot c enters, it 1s apparent that substantially every portion of the yarn will be the same distance from the incandescent surface of the opening b, so that the entire surface of the yarn will be acted upon when passing through the resistance block a, thus requiring only a single run of the yarn f p to complete the singeing operation.

I have found in actual practice that with a unit embodying the invention, the charred fluff does not interfere with the singeing operation, without the use of an ai!` circulation through the opening b, although if desired air may be so circulatedV without imi; pairing the efficiency of the block a materially, since this air will have no tendency to dull or dampen the incandescent surface to an extent to interfere with the singeing operation. n

In a singeing machine utilizing units embodying the invention, a speed of 1000 to 1200 feet per minute may be developed without which is due inpart to the increased length of the block a and in part to the construction of this block in a manner to conserve the heat developed by the electrical resistance element.

I have also found by actual experience that the same units may be readily Vused with coarse or fine counts of yarn, and that with the coarse counts there is an increased eiiiciency of eighty-one percent as compared with gas heated units, this efficiency with the ner counts, however, amounting to only about thirty percent increase. I have also found in actual practice that there is substantially no appreciable darkening of the yarn as in gas heated singeing units.

From the foregoing, it is apparent that a singeing machine in which singeing units embodying the invention are used, has amarked increase in eitciency as compared with the troughed metallic resistance units and the gas heated units, not only because of the possibility of completely singeing the yarn with one run thereof, but because of the increased speed at which the yarn may be run through the unit and the lower consumption of electricity. The complete envelopment of the resistance element d by the ma.- terial of the block a minimizes likelihood of varying degrees of incandescence at the surface of the longitudinally extending opening b because of the low heat conductivity of the material of the block a closely adjacent the walls of said opening.

It is not my intention to limit the invention to the precise details of construction shown in the drawings, it being apparent that such may be varied without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Having described the invention, what I claim as new and desire to have protected by Letters Patent, is

l. In a singeing machine, a singeing unit embodying therein a block of material having high electrical resistance and low heat conductivity, said block having a small substantially circular opening extending longitudinally therethrough and a slot communicating with said opening throughout the entirelength thereof, an electrical resistance element imbedded in the material of said block about and closely adjacent the wall of said longitudinally extending openingwhereby the material of said block may be brought to, and maintained in, an incandescent state, and an envelope of heat insulating material for said block, said insulating material having an opening therein adapted to receive said block, whereby said block is separable from said insulating material.

2. In a singeing machine, a singeing unit embodying therein a block of material having high electrical resistance and low heat conductivity, said block having a small opening extending longitudinally therethrough and a slot communicating with said opening throughout the entire length thereof, an electrical resistance element imbedded in the material of said block, whereby the material of said block may be brought to, and maintained in, an incandescent state, an en- Lau' fiel

velope V`of rheat zinsulating "material iior'A said block, said Linsulating lmaterial 'having :an opening therein. adaptedV to receive said block, whereby ysaid blockis sep arable'fromsaid insulating material, sheets ot Vmaterial nonconductive ot electricity'and heat at=the"t`op and bottomf of -saidf blocx and said envelope,

and: means securing said sheets.` in relation' toV said blockand said-envelope.

3. ln: a: sin geing machine, 'a singeing unit embodying-therein a bloch'otxmaterial havinghigh electrical -resistance and low heat conductivity, said bloclrihaving a small opening extending longitudinally therethrough and: a slot communicating with'said opening throughout the entire length thereof, an electrical resistance''element imbedded inthe inaterialrot said 1block, whereby the V'material fotrsaid block niay be brought 'to, 'and maintained in, anfincandescent state,'aiienvelope of heatinsulating material `for said block, va metallic casing enclosing said in-` sulating envelope,- and'v asbestos sheets at'tlie 4. J. v r

top andatfthe bottomorsaid casing, said insulatni g-sheets having openings therethrough registering with the longitudinally extending Y yopeningrin said block, said casing and 'said she-ets having :slots Atherein registering with theslots in'saidbloclr. y

1a-ln a Isingenig"machine,Y ay singeing unit embodying therein a'block of material having high-electrical resist-ance and low heat conductivity, said block having a small opening 'extending ylongitudinally therethroutgh and a slot communicatingwith said'opening throughout the entire length thereoilan electrical resistance element imbedded in the iii-at-erial ot saidbloclnwhereby the material of said blocl'may'be brought to, and mailitaine'din, aniincancdescent state,'an envelope f otheatinsulating material tor said block,

conductivity,

said insulating materia-l 'havingoan opening therein adaptedto receive saidbloclr, whereby saidbloclf` is separable from said insulating material, sheets ot materia-l `non-'conductive l of electricity and heat at the top and bottom ot saidiibloclr andsaid envelope, means `securing said sheets in relation'to said bloclrand said envelope, and bindingfposts carried by the top sheet of electro and heat non-'conductive'material electrically connected with said lcctricalresistance element. Y 1

5. In a singeing machine, aV singeing unit embodying therein Va block of material having highelectrical resistance'and low heat extending longitudinally Vthereopening and a slot communicating 'with said through opening of, an electrical resistance lelement imbed- -ded in the material ot said block, whereby the material ot said block may bebrought to, and maintained in, an incandescent state, an envelope-ot hea-t insulating material for .said bloclnsaid insulating material .having said block having a smallV throughout the entire length thereig-soogsea an opening therein adapted to 'receivessaid' block, whereby said block is g separable from saidinsulating-material, sheets of material non-conductive of electricity :and heat fat: the top and bottom ot-sa-idblock andsaidzenvelope, and having openings and --slots :regis-` tering with the opening and the slot infsaid block, .metallic i'einforcements secured `,to said sheets adjacent :the openings vand the slots therein, said reinforcements yalso having` openings andA slots thereinregistering l velope having inturned bottom Vflanges Y and outturned- 'top flanges, and asbestosgsheets at the top and at tliebottom of said-:casing supported by vsaidl top and said ,bottom flanges `res ectivel saidinsulatino' Asheets- SB 5 b having openings :therethrough registering with the longitudinally extending opening in said block, said casing and saifdzsheets having slots? therein registering with fthe slots in said block. l Y I Y 7. In a singeing machine, aisingeingzunit embodying Atherein a block ot materialihaw ing high electrical resistance and .low 'heat conductivity, said block having .a sinallopening extending longitudinally therethrough' and a slot communicatingwith saidopening c thioughout'theV entire length thereof, an V'electrical resistance' element imbedded in 'the material: of said block, whereby the 'material of said block may bebroughttto', andmaintained in, an incandescent state, an envelopev of heat insulating-material Vfor vs'aidblock, a metallic casing enclosing saidinsulatiiig envelope VhavingY inturn'ed bottom flanges andoutturned top llanges, asbestos sheetsiiat the topl and'at the bottoni of said casingsupported by said top Vand saidbottoin 'flanges refspectively, said insulating, "sheets having openings therethrough`y registering withthe longitudinally extending opening in Vsaid block, said casing and-said sheets having slots therein registering with the slots insaid block, reinforcing metallic plates-*adjacent the openings and slots in said sheets, said reintorcingplates having openings and Yslots therein registering with the Lother4 openings and slots, and binding posts `carried'loyv-athe 6. lln a singeing 'machina Isingeingl uniti 30 '-99 ot heat insulating material 'for :said blocken'. metallic casing enclosing saidiinsulatingien-v top sheet and electrically connected with sald electrical resistance element.

8. In a singeing machine, a singeing unit embodying therein a block of material having high electrical resistance and low heat conductivity, said block having a small sub-` stantially circular opening extending longitudinally therethrough and a slot communicating with said opening throughout the entire length thereof2 and an electrical resistance element conslstin of a wire looped through the material o said block, portions of each loop extending substantially parallel with, and being grouped about and adjacent the wall of the longitudinally extending opening in said block7 whereby the material of said block may be brought to, and maintained in, an incandescent state particularly adjacent the wall of said longitudinally extending opening.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto axed my signature this 17th day of May, 1926.

THEODORE F. HUSSA. 

